10 questions ยท Form 3 Science Bab 9: Space Weather
How does space weather affect Global Positioning System (GPS) users on Earth?
Prefer reading to quizzing? All 10 questions are listed below with the answer and explanation under each one.
1. How does space weather affect Global Positioning System (GPS) users on Earth?
Answer: A
Geomagnetic disturbances alter ionospheric density, bending and delaying radio signals between GPS satellites and receivers.
2. Approximately how long is one complete cycle of sunspot activity (solar cycle)?
Answer: B
Sunspot activity peaks and declines in a regular cycle lasting approximately 11 years.
3. Which chemical elements make up the vast majority of the Sun's mass?
Answer: B
The Sun consists of roughly 73% hydrogen and 25% helium, with trace amounts of heavier elements.
4. What atmospheric phenomenon causes colorful glowing light displays near Earth's magnetic poles?
Answer: B
Auroras occur when energetic solar wind particles interact with oxygen and nitrogen gas molecules in the upper atmosphere near magnetic poles.
5. Which Earth protective structure deflects most energetic solar particles and prevents them from stripping away our atmosphere?
Answer: C
Earth's magnetosphere deflects solar wind and cosmic radiation, protecting the atmosphere and life on Earth.
6. Which human technology infrastructure on ground is most vulnerable to damage from severe geomagnetic storms?
Answer: A
Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) flow into power lines and can overload, damage, or burn out high-voltage transformers.
7. Why is high-frequency (HF) radio communication frequently disrupted during solar activity flares?
Answer: A
Increased X-ray and UV radiation from solar flares ionizes the D-layer of the ionosphere, absorbing HF radio waves instead of reflecting them.
8. How can strong solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) affect artificial satellites orbiting Earth?
Answer: B
Intense solar radiation expands Earth's upper atmosphere, increasing orbital drag while high-energy particles disrupt sensitive satellite electronics.
9. What causes the grainy pattern known as 'granules' on the Sun's photosphere surface?
Answer: B
Granules are tops of convection cells in the solar mantle where hot plasma rises in the center and cools down at edges.
10. Which solar atmospheric layer is only fully visible to the naked eye during a total solar eclipse?
Answer: B
The outer corona is fainter than the bright photosphere, making it visible only when the moon completely blocks the photosphere during a total solar eclipse.